{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Fortune Insight","provider_url":"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web","author_name":"\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u5ee3\u5834","author_url":"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web\/posts\/author\/carnegie","title":"\u6fb3\u6d32\u5c0d\u7279\u7a2e\u90e8\u968a\u6d89\u5acc\u72af\u4e0b\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u898f\u7d04\u300b\u55ce\uff1f - Fortune Insight","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web\/posts\/493341\">\u6fb3\u6d32\u5c0d\u7279\u7a2e\u90e8\u968a\u6d89\u5acc\u72af\u4e0b\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u898f\u7d04\u300b\u55ce\uff1f<\/a><\/blockquote>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>\n<!--\/\/--><![CDATA[\/\/><!--\n\t\t!function(c,d){\"use strict\";var 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conflict\uff09\u3002\u591a\u6578\u570b\u5bb6\u8a8d\u7232\u5728\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u570b\u5185\u6cd5\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5185\u6230\u4e2d\u6293\u7372\u7684\u53db\u8ecd\u4fd8\u865c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u4eab\u6709\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0b\u6230\u4fd8\uff08prisoners of war, POW\uff09\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u53db\u8ecd\u4fd8\u865c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u69cb\u4ee5\u53db\u4e82\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u8d77\u8a34\u4e26\u8655\u6c7a\uff1b\u800c\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u8ecd\u76f4\u63a5\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6b66\u88dd\u5718\u9ad4\uff08armed group\uff09\u7531\u65bc\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u570b\u5bb6\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u898f\u7ba1\u6b66\u88dd\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u884c\u7232\u4ea6\u662f\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u96e3\u984c\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u4e2d\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u6230\u4fd8\u5f85\u9047\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u5728\u300a\u7b2c\u56db\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7d04\u300b\u5171\u540c\u7b2c\u4e09\u689d\uff08common article 3\uff09\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4eba\u9053\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\u6230\u9b25\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u7d93\u653e\u4e0b\u6b66\u5668\u6295\u964d\u7684\u4f5c\u6230\u4eba\u54e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u7232\u53d7\u50b7\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u6230\u9b25\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u6230\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u653f\u5e9c\u8ecd\u9084\u662f\u6b66\u88dd\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5747\u61c9\u88ab\u4eba\u9053\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u52a0\u6b67\u8996\u6027\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u4eba\u9053\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7981\u6b62\u8b00\u6bba\uff0c\u6b98\u50b7\u80a2\u9ad4\uff0c\u9177\u5211\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b98\u5fcd\u3001\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u548c\u6709\u8fb1\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u52ab\u6301\u4eba\u8cea\u548c\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u7d66\u4e88\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u8005\u7d66\u4e88\u57fa\u672c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u800c\u57281977\u5e74\u7c3d\u8a02\u7684\u300a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7d04\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9644\u52a0\u8b70\u5b9a\u66f8\u300b\uff08Protocol II of Geneva Convention\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u9032\u884c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8a72\u8b70\u5b9a\u66f8\u81f3\u4eca\u53ea\u7372\u5f97169\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7c3d\u8a02\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u7b49\u983b\u7e41\u53c3\u8207\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5247\u4e26\u672a\u53c3\u8207\u300a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7d04\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9644\u52a0\u8b70\u5b9a\u66f8\u300b\u3002 \u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7d04\u5171\u540c\u7b2c\u4e09\u689d\uff08common article 3\uff09\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u540c\u53ef\u88ab\u5211\u4e8b\u8d77\u8a34\u7684\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u5f8c\u671f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u722d\u8b70\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u9805\u722d\u8b70\u76f4\u5230\u524d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u570b\u969b\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\uff08ICTY\uff09\u7684\u8a2d\u7acb\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u544a\u7d42\u3002\u5728\u524d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5206\u88c2\u4e2d\u6642\u7684\u6230\u722d\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6642\u5019\u7531\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u6f14\u8b8a\u81f3\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4ea4\u6230\u5718\u9ad4\u4f8b\u5982\u514b\u7f85\u5730\u4e9e\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6642\u5019\u53d6\u5f97\u570b\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\uff08statehood\uff09\u800c\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u570b\u969b\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b97\u6848\u4ef6Prosecutor v. Tadic\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u6839\u64da\u570b\u969b\u7fd2\u6163\u6cd5\u6307\u51fa\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u800c\u5728\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u898f\u7d04\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u689d(c)\u548c(e)\u90e8\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\u5728\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6027\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u4ea4\u6230\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u4e2d\u64c1\u6709\u548c\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u898f\u5247\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002\u5728\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u6230\u4fd8\u5f85\u9047\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u53ea\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4eba\u9053\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6b64\u4e9b\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u539f\u5148\u50c5\u8a2d\u8a08\u7528\u4ee5\u898f\u7bc4\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u9593\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5018\u64f4\u5f35\u4e26\u4f7f\u5176\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u539f\u5c6c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5167\u653f\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4fb5\u5bb3\u8a72\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u7591\u616e\u5916\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u53db\u8ecd\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u76f8\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e26\u9f13\u52f5\u5206\u96e2\u904b\u52d5\u3002 &nbsp; \u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa92001\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u591a\u570b\u806f\u8ecd\u4ecb\u5165\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6e05\u527f\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u548c\u84cb\u9054\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u662f\u8996\u4e4e\u4ea4\u6230\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u975e\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53db\u8ecd\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u7368\u7acb\u6b66\u88dd\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8a72\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u5730\u57df\u6027\u9032\u884c\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u591a\u570b\u8ecd\u968a\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u9032\u884c\u7684\u53cd\u6050\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u64c1\u6709\u8de8\u570b\u6027\uff0c\u537b\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\uff08non-international armed conflict\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u548c\u84cb\u9054\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u4eab\u6709\u6230\u4fd8\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u5247\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6210\u54e1\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\u6230\u9b25\u4eba\u54e1\uff08unlawful combatant\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u8207\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u9053\u6cd5\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5171\u540c\u7b2c\u4e09\u689d\u4e0b\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u9053\u5f85\u9047\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u3002 \u800c\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea6\u6309\u7167\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u628a\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6230\u722d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u6b66\u88dd\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7981\u6b62\u8b00\u6bba\u548c\u6b98\u5fcd\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6fb3\u6d32\u8ecd\u968a\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u4f5c\u6230\u884c\u7232\u3002 \u800c\u300a\u806f\u90a6\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c268\u7bc0\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u6fb3\u6d32\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u6240\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u4e0d\u7576\u884c\u70ba\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u9084\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u5211\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u6d89\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e8b\u9032\u884c\u898f\u7ba1\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4f55\u5730\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u300a\u806f\u90a6\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c268\u7bc0\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u627f\u64d4\u5211\u4e8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u6fb3\u6d32\u300a\u806f\u90a6\u72af\u7f6a\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u96b1\u779e\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u88ab\u8ffd\u7a76\u5211\u4e8b\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 \u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5831\u544a\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u7279\u7a2e\u90e8\u968a\u572823\u5b97\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6d89\u5acc\u6545\u610f\u975e\u6cd5\u6bba\u5bb339\u540d\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6bba\u622e\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6230\u9b25\u4e2d\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u660e\u986f\u662f\u975e\u6230\u9b25\u4eba\u54e1\u6216\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6230\u9b25\u4eba\u54e1\u3002\u5e03\u96f7\u9813\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6458\u8981\u4e2d\u5beb\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u63a5\u53d7\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u8a73\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c07\u69cb\u6210\u8b00\u6bba\u7684\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u3002\u6839\u64da\u57f7\u884c\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u5169\u8d77\u72af\u7f6a\u6d89\u53ca\u6b98\u9177\u5c0d\u5f85\u5169\u540d\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7f6a\u884c\u5c07\u69cb\u6210\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\u4e0b\u7684\u9177\u5211\u7f6a\u3002\u800c\u7e3d\u5171\u670925\u540d\u73fe\u4efb\u6216\u524d\u4efb\u6fb3\u6d32\u570b\u9632\u8ecd\u4eba\u54e1\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u57f7\u884c\u6458\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6fb3\u6d32\u7279\u7a2e\u90e8\u968a\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u5831\u544a\u6307\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u5225\u767c\u751f\u57282009\uff0c2010\uff0c2012\u548c2013\u5e74\uff0c\u5747\u7232\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u898f\u7d04\u300b\u751f\u6548\u4ee5\u5f8c\u3002 &nbsp; \u7e3d\u7d50 \u5e03\u96f7\u9813\u5831\u544a\u96d6\u7136\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u898f\u7d04\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u6aa2\u63a7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8a72\u5831\u544a\u76f4\u63a5\u5efa\u8b70\u91dd\u5c0d\u6d89\u4e8b\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6aa2\u63a7\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5831\u544a\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u9032\u884c\u6aa2\u63a7\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c07\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u516c\u8846\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u53c3\u8207\u5be9\u8a0a\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6848\u4ef6\u9678\u7e8c\u9032\u5165\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7d30\u7bc0\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u9678\u7e8c\u516c\u958b\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u78ba\u5be6\u4ee5\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u58eb\u9032\u884c\u6aa2\u63a7\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u898f\u7d04\u300b\u7b2c17\u689d\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u78ba\u5be6\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u5177\u6709\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u8cac\u4efb\u4e26\u9700\u554f\u8cac\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u5efa\u8b70\u6309\u7167\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u898f\u7d04\u300b\u7b2c25\u689d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u806f\u90a6\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c268\u7bc0\u4e0b\u5747\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u300c\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u8cac\u4efb\u300d\uff08commander responsibility\uff09\u539f\u5247\u5c0d\u6d89\u4e8b\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u9032\u884c\u6aa2\u63a7\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6d89\u4e8b\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u9055\u53cd\u6230\u722d\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u7232\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u77e5\u6e05\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u61f2\u8655\u4e26\u963b\u6b62\u76f8\u95dc\u884c\u7232\uff08failure to prevent [&hellip;]"}