{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Fortune Insight","provider_url":"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web","author_name":"\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u5ee3\u5834","author_url":"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web\/posts\/author\/carnegie","title":"\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u901a\u7ddd\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u4f9d\u64da\uff1a\u5f9e\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u53ca\u5176\u6feb\u7528 - Fortune Insight","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web\/posts\/488138\">\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u901a\u7ddd\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u4f9d\u64da\uff1a\u5f9e\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u53ca\u5176\u6feb\u7528<\/a><\/blockquote>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>\n<!--\/\/--><![CDATA[\/\/><!--\n\t\t!function(c,d){\"use strict\";var e=!1,n=!1;if(d.querySelector)if(c.addEventListener)e=!0;if(c.wp=c.wp||{},!c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage)if(c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if(t)if(t.secret||t.message||t.value)if(!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var r,a,i,s=d.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),n=d.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=0;o<n.length;o++)n[o].style.display=\"none\";for(o=0;o<s.length;o++)if(r=s[o],e.source===r.contentWindow){if(r.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message){if(1e3<(i=parseInt(t.value,10)))i=1e3;else if(~~i<200)i=200;r.height=i}if(\"link\"===t.message)if(a=d.createElement(\"a\"),i=d.createElement(\"a\"),a.href=r.getAttribute(\"src\"),i.href=t.value,i.host===a.host)if(d.activeElement===r)c.top.location.href=t.value}}},e)c.addEventListener(\"message\",c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),d.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",t,!1),c.addEventListener(\"load\",t,!1);function t(){if(!n){n=!0;for(var e,t,r=-1!==navigator.appVersion.indexOf(\"MSIE 10\"),a=!!navigator.userAgent.match(\/Trident.*rv:11\\.\/),i=d.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),s=0;s<i.length;s++){if(!(e=i[s]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))t=Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,10),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t);if(r||a)(t=e.cloneNode(!0)).removeAttribute(\"security\"),e.parentNode.replaceChild(t,e)}}}}(window,document);\n\/\/--><!]]>\n<\/script><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web\/posts\/488138\/embed\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u901a\u7ddd\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u4f9d\u64da\uff1a\u5f9e\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u53ca\u5176\u6feb\u7528&#8221; &#8212; Fortune Insight\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe>","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/prime.fortuneinsight.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/thediplomat-2020-06-30-2048x1366.jpg","thumbnail_width":2048,"thumbnail_height":1366,"description":"\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u6703\u57286\u670830\u65e5\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u904e\u300a\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u570b\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u5225\u884c\u653f\u5340\u7dad\u8b77\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7c21\u7a31\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6cd5\u6848\u7b2c38\u689d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u5225\u884c\u653f\u5340\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u5225\u884c\u653f\u5340\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u505a\u51fa\u300a\u6e2f\u7248\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u300b\u5167\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u570b\u5b89\u884c\u70ba\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u672c\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u9452\u65bc\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5ee3\uff0c\u7b2c38\u689d\u4ea6\u5728\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5f15\u8d77\u8ed2\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u84ec\u4f69\u5967\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u689d\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5192\u72af\u3002\u300d\u7232\u6b64\u65b0\u83ef\u793e\u5f15\u8ff0\u5c08\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u7b2c38\u689d\u7b26\u5408\u570b\u969b\u901a\u4f8b\u4e0b\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\uff08protective principle\uff09, \u6545\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u300c\u96d9\u91cd\u6a19\u6e96\u300d\u3002\u57288\u67081\u65e5\u6cd5\u65b0\u793e\u5f15\u8ff0\u6d88\u606f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u8b66\u65b9\u9996\u6b21\u4f9d\u64da\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u4e26\u8eab\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6c11\u4e3b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6731\u7267\u6c11\uff08Samuel Chu\uff09\u767c\u51fa\u901a\u7ddd\u4ee4\u3002 &nbsp; 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\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0b\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\uff1f &nbsp; \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5404\u570b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6b0a\u628a\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u5ef6\u7533\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9818\u571f\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281927\u5e74\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u84ee\u82b1\u865f\u6848\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u8a2d\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9662\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u300c\u975e\u7981\u6b62\u5373\u5141\u8a31\u300d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u660e\u6587\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u5747\u6709\u6b0a\u8a02\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b\u898f\u7ba1\u5176\u9818\u571f\u4ee5\u5916\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u57f7\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a(enforcement jurisdiction)\uff0c\u5e38\u8a2d\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9662\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7372\u5f97\u540c\u610f\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u689d\u7d04\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9818\u571f\u884c\u4f7f\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u570b\u5185\u6cd5\u5141\u8a31\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4ea6\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u9015\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9818\u571f\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u57f7\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\u3002 &nbsp; 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\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c0\u9ede\u7576\u4e2d\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7684\u898f\u5236\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u53ef\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u7232\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u7a2e\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u9818\u5730\u7ba1\u8f44\uff08territorial jurisdiction)\u3001\u570b\u7c4d\u7ba1\u8f44\uff08principle of nationality\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u570b\u7c4d\uff08principle of passive personality)\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\uff08protective jurisdiction\uff09\u548c\u666e\u904d\u7ba1\u8f44(universal jurisdiction)\u3002 &nbsp; \u9818\u5730\u7ba1\u8f44\u5247\u574a\u9593\u5e38\u7a31\u7684\u5c6c\u5730\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5373\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u7232\u7684\u767c\u751f\u5730\u6216\u7d50\u679c\u5730\u5c0d\u8a72\u884c\u7232\u5177\u6709\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9673\u540c\u4f73\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9999\u6e2f\u5211\u4e8b\u7f6a\u884c\u689d\u4f8b\u4e0b\u8b00\u6bba\u7f6a\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u5c6c\u5730\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u82e5\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u7232\uff08\u8b00\u6bba\uff09\u767c\u751f\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53f0\u7063\u800c\u975e\u9999\u6e2f\u5c0d\u8a72\u884c\u7232\u5177\u6709\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u3002\u570b\u7c4d\u7ba1\u8f44\uff08principle of nationality\uff09\u5247\u628a\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u7591\u72af\u7684\u570b\u7c4d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5373\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u6709A\u570b\u7684\u570b\u7c4d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u7232\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5883\u5916\u4ecd\u6703\u53d7A\u570b\u7ba1\u8f44\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4e0b\u53db\u570b\u7f6a\u63a1\u7528\u570b\u7c4d\u7ba1\u8f44\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u671f\u9593\u64d4\u4efb\u65e5\u672c\u9678\u8ecd\u548c\u61b2\u5175\u968a\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u4e95\u4e0a\u52a0\u5948\u96c4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u53db\u570b\u884c\u7232\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5916\u5730\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u6df1\u6c34\u57d7\u6230\u4fd8\u71df\uff09\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53db\u570b\u7f6a\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\u4e26\u8655\u6c7a\u3002\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u570b\u7c4d\uff08principle of passive personality) \u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\u4ee5\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u570b\u7c4d\u4f5c\u7232\u4f9d\u64da\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u5728\u5916\u570b\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u570b\u57281989\u5e74\u4ee5\u8ca9\u6bd2\u7232\u540d\u8d8a\u5883\u62d8\u6355\u4e26\u5be9\u8a0a\u524d\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac\u7368\u88c1\u8005\u8afe\u5217\u52a0\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u570b\u7c4d\u4f5c\u7232\u6cd5\u7406\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u800c\u666e\u904d\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247(universal jurisdiction)\u5247\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7576\u6642\u570b\u8207\u884c\u7232\u4eba\u53ca\u884c\u7232\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u6240\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6d77\u76dc\u884c\u7232\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\uff08genocide\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u4eba\u985e\u7f6a\uff08crimes against humanity\uff09\u548c\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c(war crimes)\u4e5f\u88ab\u8996\u7232\u56b4\u91cd\u570b\u969b\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u5747\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u4ee3\u8868\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u6574\u9ad4\u61f2\u7f70\u76f8\u95dc\u884c\u7232\u3002 &nbsp; \u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u548c\u57df\u5916\u7ba1\u8f44(extraterritorial jurisdiction) &nbsp; \u800c\u570b\u5b89\u6cd5\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u570b\u7c4d\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\u7684\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u662f\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u800c\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u4f5c\u7232\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u884c\u7232\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u662f\u6574\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u88ab\u50b7\u5bb3\u570b\u5247\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u7591\u72af\u884c\u99db\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u88ab\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5177\u8c61\u7684\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u800c\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u7d66\u4e88\u4e86\u5404\u570b\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5211\u4e8b\u5316\u4efb\u4f55\u57df\u5916\u884c\u7232\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u50de\u9214\u7f6a\u5373\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u6240\u5bb9\u8a31\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u884c\u99db\u57df\u5916\u7ba1\u8f44\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u7f6a\u884c\u3002[1] &nbsp; \u6b63\u5982\u65b0\u83ef\u793e\u5f15\u8ff0\u5c08\u5bb6\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u8eab\u4ea6\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u57df\u5916\u9069\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u58df\u65b7\u548c\u51fa\u53e3\u7ba1\u5236\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u5e38\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u7531\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u548c\u6cd5\u4eba\u884c\u99db\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u6b50\u76df\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53cd\u58df\u65b7\u6cd5\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u64da\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u9818\u5730\u7ba1\u8f44\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff1a\u58df\u65b7\u884c\u7232\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u4f5c\u7232\u91dd\u5c0d\u5c0d\u8c61\u800c\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u8b00\u5229\u884c\u7232\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u91dd\u5c0d\u58df\u65b7\u884c\u7232\u884c\u99db\u57df\u5916\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u8a72\u975e\u6cd5\u884c\u7232\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u8a72\u570b\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u58df\u65b7\u884c\u7232\u7684\u5354\u8b70\u5728\u5916\u570b\u7c3d\u8a02\uff09\u800c\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u300d\u53d7\u640d\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u50de\u9214\u7f6a\u4ea6\u53ef\u6309\u7167\u6548\u679c\u539f\u5247\uff08effect doctrine\uff09\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u9818\u5730\u7ba1\u8f44\u7684\u5ef6\u7533\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d14\u7cb9\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7232\u7531\u884c\u99db\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u539f\u5247\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u671f\u7981\u6b62\u9032\u53e3\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca8\u54c1\u7684\u5916\u570b\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\u8f49\u53e3\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u7ba1\u5236\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u51b7\u6230\u51fa\u53e3\u7ba1\u57f7\u6cd5\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7531\u65bc\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u7232\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u6240\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u8f44\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3002 &nbsp; 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(3) \u800c\u8a72\u57df\u5916\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u548c\u8a72\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80cc\u5f8c\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5b58\u5728\u5408\u7406\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 [&hellip;]"}