1.0Fortune Insighthttps://prime.fortuneinsight.com/web曾國平教授https://prime.fortuneinsight.com/web/posts/author/byrontkprich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content"><a href="https://prime.fortuneinsight.com/web/posts/489202">亞當史密的放數指南</a></blockquote> <script type='text/javascript'> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- !function(c,d){"use strict";var e=!1,n=!1;if(d.querySelector)if(c.addEventListener)e=!0;if(c.wp=c.wp||{},!c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage)if(c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if(t)if(t.secret||t.message||t.value)if(!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var r,a,i,s=d.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),n=d.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=0;o<n.length;o++)n[o].style.display="none";for(o=0;o<s.length;o++)if(r=s[o],e.source===r.contentWindow){if(r.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message){if(1e3<(i=parseInt(t.value,10)))i=1e3;else if(~~i<200)i=200;r.height=i}if("link"===t.message)if(a=d.createElement("a"),i=d.createElement("a"),a.href=r.getAttribute("src"),i.href=t.value,i.host===a.host)if(d.activeElement===r)c.top.location.href=t.value}}},e)c.addEventListener("message",c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),d.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t,!1),c.addEventListener("load",t,!1);function t(){if(!n){n=!0;for(var e,t,r=-1!==navigator.appVersion.indexOf("MSIE 10"),a=!!navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident.*rv:11\./),i=d.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),s=0;s<i.length;s++){if(!(e=i[s]).getAttribute("data-secret"))t=Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,10),e.src+="#?secret="+t,e.setAttribute("data-secret",t);if(r||a)(t=e.cloneNode(!0)).removeAttribute("security"),e.parentNode.replaceChild(t,e)}}}}(window,document); //--><!]]> </script><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://prime.fortuneinsight.com/web/posts/489202/embed" width="600" height="338" title="“亞當史密的放數指南” — Fortune Insight" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe>https://prime.fortuneinsight.com/web/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Presentation1-1.jpg533524第二卷第二章叫Of Money Considered As A particular Branch Of The General Stock Of The Society, Or Of The Expense Of Maintaining The National Capital，題目好長，內文亦唔短，講既係貨幣點解係云云庫存之中係比較特別，之後再由貨幣講到銀行的功能同潛在問題。 拿上次就講過庫存的分類，今次就先講一個gross revenue同net revenue的概念。個國家一年整左好多野出黎，佢地的價值就係gross revenue，即係同GDP差唔多的概念，但呢一筆的其中一部份，係要拎去養住啲資本，即係修理下D機器，鋪橋搭路咁，即係而家我地叫資本折舊(depreciation)的概念。扣左呢一筆數，就係net revenue，亦即係你如果洗哂佢的話，係唔會影響到個資本的總量。 一個國家富唔富有，睇的係net而唔係gross。 記唔記得上次我地分資本做兩種，一種係唔郁的fixed，一種係貨如輪轉的circulating？前者固然要養住，後者呢？好似原材料、已經整好但未賣出的貨品，始終都會拎黎用或者變做固定資本，所以係計落net revenue度，唔使扣。舉個例，你間公司有存貨，而家賣左好多要填補番，填補呢筆數係唔當折舊既，因為存貨隨時都可以俾人買左去拎黎消費，所以算做net revenue。 不過呢，circulating capital中有一樣係寧舍唔同的，就係貨幣。養住貨幣果一筆數，係要扣的。 聽落好似好難明，其實好簡單。比如你個國家用銀幣，幣用下用下都會折舊，又或者有人特登鑿走一忽。若果折舊得太勁，個政府要重新鑄幣，其中要用到的資源就算做折舊，因為呢一筆數你又享用唔到，唔出呢筆錢呢又保持唔到貨幣的質素，就好似保養部機器咁。 亞當史密咁樣總結： Money, therefore, the great wheel of circulation, the great instrument of commerce, like all other instruments of trade, though […]